Write a report assessing the feasibility of different techniques for Essay - 1

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Essay Example however in a constant water cycle; vapor evaporates from land, it condenses in the air to form clouds, then it rains, the rainwater flows back to the ocean. With the increase in population and industrial growth, the demand for water is increasing day by day. According to Lenton and Muller (2009), around 780 million people do not have access to safe drinking water currently. They further state that 47% of the world’s population will be facing a serious water crisis by the year 2030 if proper measures are not put in place to conserve water. An arid area is defined as a region that is extremely dry and has little or no vegetation (Walton 2000). The main factors that affect aridity are temperature, evaporation rate and rainfall. Walton (2000) further states most arid areas receive less than 250 mm/10 in rainfall per year. This report will explore the various ways in which water can be made accumulated and made available for human use in arid areas. Information will be gathered from various texts and online sources. The report will also recommend the most appropriate method for water provision. According to Viessman and Welty (1985), desalination is a process in which salt and other minerals are removed from water to make it usable. Most desalination plants employ distillation to clean out the salt and mineral components present in water. In some systems, they use electro dialysis. Use of these water purification methods on large quantities of water is expensive therefore this method is used only as the last resort to provide clean water from saline sources. However, due to the growth in technology, a new method was discovered to filter the water. In this method, sea water is heated and forced through membranes that trap the salt and minerals. This method is more efficient than the other two especially if it is located near a power plant that uses water to cool the generating units (Moltgen & Kabat 2010). Around 97% of water found on earth is saline water. By